Rethinking Gibbard's Riverboat Argument
نویسندگان
چکیده
According to the Principle of Conditional Non-Contradiction (CNC), conditionals of the form “If p, q” and “If p, not q” cannot both be true, unless p is inconsistent. This principle is widely regarded as an adequacy constraint on any semantics that attributes truth conditions to conditionals. Gibbard has presented an example of a pair of conditionals that, in the context he describes, appear to violate CNC. He concluded from this that conditionals lack truth conditions. We argue that this conclusion is rash by proposing a new diagnosis of what is going on in Gibbard’s argument. We also provide empirical evidence in support of our proposal. 1. Gibbard’s riverboat argument. According to the principle of Conditional NonContradiction (CNC), conditionals with the same antecedent and contradictory consequents cannot both be true, unless the antecedent is inconsistent. We follow the mainstream in regarding this principle as an adequacy constraint on any truth-conditional semantics for conditionals. That immediately rules out the once-popular material conditional account, which assigns to a conditional the truth conditions of its material counterpart; given this semantics, “If p, q” and “If p, not q” are both true if p is false. But surely CNC leaves many other truth-conditional semantics in the running? An old but still influential argument by Gibbard [1981] purports to show that This paper is concerned exclusively with indicative conditionals. We use “conditional” to refer to indicative conditionals throughout. Some authors use the label CNC to refer to what we call CNC minus the proviso that the antecedent be consistent. The principle as stated here is then referred to as “Restricted Conditional NonContradiction.” See for instance Unterhuber [2013, Ch. 3], which also contains a thorough discussion of the status of both principles in the context of various semantics for conditionals.
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Studia Logica
دوره 102 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2014